TraPy-MAC: Traffic Priority Aware Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Body Area Network

Recently, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has witnessed significant attentions in research and product development due to the growing number of sensor-based applications in healthcare domain. Design of efficient and effective Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is one of the fundamental research themes in WBAN. Static on-demand slot allocation to patient data is the main approach adopted in the design of MAC protocol in literature, without considering the type of patient data specifically the level of severity on patient data. This leads to the degradation of the performance of MAC protocols considering effectiveness and traffic adjustability in realistic medical environments. In this context, this paper proposes a Traffic Priority-Aware MAC (TraPy-MAC) protocol for WBAN. It classifies patient data into emergency and non-emergency categories based on the severity of patient data. The threshold value aided classification considers a number of parameters including type of sensor, body placement location, and data transmission time for allocating dedicated slots patient data. Emergency data are not required to carry out contention and slots are allocated by giving the due importance to threshold value of vital sign data. The contention for slots is made efficient in case of non-emergency data considering threshold value in slot allocation. Moreover, the slot allocation to emergency and non-emergency data are performed parallel resulting in performance gain in channel assignment. Two algorithms namely, Detection of Severity on Vital Sign data (DSVS), and ETS Slots allocation based on the Severity on Vital Sign (ETS-SVS) are developed for calculating threshold value and resolving the conflicts of channel assignment, respectively. Simulations are performed in ns2 and results are compared with the state-of-the-art MAC techniques. Analysis of results attests the benefit of TraPy-MAC in comparison with the state-of-the-art MAC in channel assignment in realistic medical environments

Beaconless Packet Forwarding Approach for Vehicular Urban Environment

Existing wireless technologies provide communication and information services to all fields of life. The one of the emerging and popular field is vehicular ad hoc networks, with its unique characteristics and highly mobile environment. Different types of routing protocols have been proposed to address the routing issues in network and one of the most efficient types is geographical routing. In this type of protocols, the beacon messages are using to update the node locations and positions. However, these protoocls have been suffered with high channel congestion issue in the network. To this end, we propose a beaconless packet forwarding strategy based on modified handshake messages mechanism. The protocol uses some realistic metrics to select the next forwarder node such as forward progresss and link quality. The protocol performance is evaluated with existing beacon and beaconless geographical routing protocols. The simulation results showed the better performance of the proposed protocol in terms of packet delay and data delivery ratio in realistic wireless channel conditions

Beaconless Packet Forwarding Approach for Vehicular Urban Environment

Existing wireless technologies provide communication and information services to all fields of life. The one of the emerging and popular field is vehicular ad hoc networks, with its unique characteristics and highly mobile environment. Different types of routing protocols have been proposed to address the routing issues in network and one of the most efficient types is geographical routing. In this type of protocols, the beacon messages are using to update the node locations and positions. However, these protoocls have been suffered with high channel congestion issue in the network. To this end, we propose a beaconless packet forwarding strategy based on modified handshake messages mechanism. The protocol uses some realistic metrics to select the next forwarder node such as forward progresss and link quality. The protocol performance is evaluated with existing beacon and beaconless geographical routing protocols. The simulation results showed the better performance of the proposed protocol in terms of packet delay and data delivery ratio in realistic wireless channel conditions

EETP-MAC: energy efficient traffic prioritization for medium access control in wireless body area networks

[EN] Wireless body area network (WBAN) has witnessed significant attentions in the healthcare domain using biomedical sensor-based monitoring of heterogeneous nature of vital signs of a patient's body. The design of frequency band, MAC superframe structure, and slots allocation to the heterogeneous nature of the patient's packets have become the challenging problems in WBAN due to the diverse QoS requirements. In this context, this paper proposes an Energy Efficient Traffic Prioritization for Medium Access Control (EETP-MAC) protocol, which provides sufficient slots with higher bandwidth and guard bands to avoid channels interference causing longer delay. Specifically, the design of EETP-MAC is broadly divided in to four folds. Firstly, patient data traffic prioritization is presented with broad categorization including Non-Constrained Data (NCD), Delay-Constrained Data (DCD), Reliability-Constrained Data (RCD) and Critical Data (CD). Secondly, a modified superframe structure design is proposed for effectively handling the traffic prioritization. Thirdly, threshold based slot allocation technique is developed to reduce contention by effectively quantifying criticality on patient data. Forth, an energy efficient frame design is presented focusing on beacon interval, superframe duration, and packet size and inactive period. Simulations are performed to comparatively evaluate the performance of the proposed EETP-MAC with the state-of-the-art MAC protocols. The comparative evaluation attests the benefit of EETP-MAC in terms of efficient slot allocation resulting in lower delay and energy consumption.The research is supported by Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) and conducted in collaboration with Research Management Center (RMC) at University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) under VOT NUMBER: R.J130000.7828.4F859Ullah, F.; Abdullah, AH.; Kaiwartya, O.; Lloret, J.; Arshad, MM. (2020). EETP-MAC: energy efficient traffic prioritization for medium access control in wireless body area networks. Telecommunication Systems. 75(2):181-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-017-0349-518120375

Improved Energy Aware Cluster based Data Routing Scheme for WSN

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of several tiny devices that are dispersed randomly for gathering network field. Clustering mechanism divides the WSN into different sub-regions called clusters. Individual cluster is consisting of cluster head (CH) and member nodes. The main research challenges behind clustering mechanism are to optimize network overheads with efficient data delivery. Sensor nodes are operated by batteries and practically it is not feasible to replace them during sensing the environment so energy should be effectively utilized among sensors for improving overall network performance. This research paper presents an improved energy aware cluster based data routing (i-ECBR) scheme, by dividing the network regions into uniform sized square partitions and localized CH election mechanism. In addition, consistent end-to-end data routing is performed for improving data dissemination. Simulation results illustrate that our proposed scheme outperforms than existing work in terms of different performance metrics

Energy efficient and delay-aware adaptive slot allocation medium access control protocol for Wireless Body Area Network

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the cheapest solution using BioMedical Sensors. They monitor different physiological vital signs of a patient. The output of vital signs does not accept collision, delay, loss, and a high energy consumption of BMSs. This paper proposes Energy Efficient and Delay-Aware Adaptive Slots Allocation Medium Access Control (EED-MAC) Protocol for WBAN. This Proposed MAC provides sufficient and dedicated channels to all types of BMSs. The patient's data are divided according to the need of a patient. Moreover, the contentions of BMSs are reduced and does not drop data by proposing a Reduced Contention Adaptive Slots Allocation CSMA/CA (RCA-CSMA/CA) scheme. The third proposed scheme is Reliability-Aware Channel Allocation (RAC), which allocates channels for emergency-based BMSs using alert signals without contention. The simulation of the proposed MAC and other schemes achieve significant improvements against the state-of-the-art MAC protocols

Comparative Study of Amazon.com, Wikipedia.com and SZABIST- isb.edu.pk in the context of the Web 2.0 Attributes and Services

ABSTRACT Key Words: Wikipedia.com, Amazon.com, SZABIST (www.szabist-isb.edu.pk) website, Web 2.0 Attributes INTRODUCTION The internet is a very basic source of information, electric communication and nowadays it is also used for business purposes. Web 1.0 was static ideology of information and information flow in web 1.0 was static in nature in this regard web 2.0 brings efficiency of dynamic flow of information. Static flow of information provides limited information; which cannot be used for conclusion and for that reason web 2.0 comes which presents idols information using dynamic scenario. The behavior of real world users can better understand and present the use of resources and services as compared to the marketing influences. For this reason, resource and service model has been presented very accurately by the amzon.com and wikipedia.com. Amzon.com is the web of online business as well as online shopping means that provide all necessary attributes according to the user perceptions. Wikipedia.com is the website of the social networks which includes navigation, current events, digital archives and community portal b

Energy Aware Uniform Cluster-Head Distribution Technique for Hierarchal Wireless Sensor Networks

Summary Lifetime of a WSN is directly proportional to the energy consumption of its constituent nodes. In cluster-based routing, all the cluster-heads may be selected from one part of the network. Since routing in these networks are one of the major sources of energy drains, therefore Energy Aware Uniform Cluster-Head Distribution (EAUCD) technique which selects one node as a representative node from each part of the network is proposed. Looking at the simulation the proposed approach is better in terms of conservation of power. We also advocate grid deployment for cluster based techniques